![]() The semiconductor industry can help drive nanotechnology thus, they are mutually beneficial.* The evolution from chip to Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) combines IC manufacturing and micromachining techniques to install motors, sensors, pumps, valves, or radio receivers and antennas on a chip. In the foreseeable future, the size of a computer will shrink to the size of a fingernail and reach the practical limit of an IC that is smaller, faster, cheaper, and consumes low power. Continuous research and development coupled with nanotechnology will make ICs smaller and more powerful. ICs are used in many walks of life-in sectors including consumer products, home appliances, automobiles, information technology (IT), telecom, medical, military and aerospace applications. The center of this information world is enabled by many tiny integrated circuit (IC) chips embedded in the systems. Lin Zhou Intel Corporation Hillsboro, Oregonġ.1 INTRODUCTION Over the past decades, an information world that encompasses computers, the Internet, wireless communication, and global positioning systems has emerged. HOW SEMICONDUCTOR CHIPS ARE MADE Hwaiyu Geng Hewlett-Packard Company Palo Alto, California Any use is subject to the Terms of Use as given at the website. SEMICONDUCTOR FUNDAMENTALS AND BASIC MATERIALSĭownloaded from Digital Engineering Library McGraw-Hill (Copyright © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies. ![]() Source: SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFACTURING HANDBOOK
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